Steam or hot-water generator



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D. A. DIGKINSON. STEAM 0R HOT WATER GENERATOR.

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UNTTEE STATES PATENT OEEicE.

DANIEL A. DICKINSON, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.

STEAM OR HOT-WATER GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,109, dated April19, 1892.

Application filed September 18, 1891.

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, DANIEL A. DICKINsoN, a citizen of the United States,Vresiding at St. Paul, in the county of Ramsey and State of Mlnnesota,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam or Hot-WaterGenerators, ot' which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to steam or hot-water generators; and it consistsin the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, ashereinafter shown and described,and specically pointed out in theclaims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation. Fig. 2 is a planview on the line 0c of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional detail illustratingthe modifications necessary to adapt the generator to a hot-watersystem.

This invention is an improvement on my former patents on generators, No.356,103, dated January 18, 1887; No. 390,461, dated October 2, 1888; No.431,037, dated July 1, 1890; No. 449,150, dated March 31, 1891, and No.454,459, dated June 22, 1891.

A represents the ash-pit casing, upon top of which the re-pot B rests,the latter formed with double Walls, so as to permit of a waterspacetherein, as shown.

The body of the generator above the firepot is formed of a series ofhollow horizontal sections of different diameters and arranged inalternating order, as shown. The lowermost section D is formed smallerthan the next section D2 above it, and is connected at a number ofpoints by joints E to corresponding joints E2, rising from the fire-potB. The sectionjD is joined to the section D2 by joints E3 E4, while thenext section above D2 is joined to the section D2 by joints E5 E6 in thesame manner, and so on for as many sections as may be required.Generally three of the sections D D2 D2, besides the dome-section D4,will be all that will be required; but a greater or lesser number may beemployed, as circumstances mayV require. The domesection D4 is connectedto section D3 by joints E7 E8 in the same manner as the sections D' D2D3 are connected to each other and to the fire-pot B. The upper sides orinclosing Walls of each of the several hollow sections D D2 D3 and ofthe tire-pot B are made to gradually turn upward, as shown at E2 E4 E6Serial No. 406,053. (No model.)

E8, in either curved or inclined planes, and to develop into and formopenings and conduits from the fire-pot and from each of such sections,respectively, to meet and connect with corresponding openings and partsE E3 E5 E7 in the under sides of the sections immediately above, theparts thus brought in contact being bolted together, as hereinafterstated.

In the structure represented in the drawings it is supposed that thetops of each of said sections and of the fire-pot are thus formed intothree of these inclined elevations and connections, which are partiallyshown in the drawings; but more or less than three may be formed in eachsection or part, as the size and capacity of the boiler may renderdesirable. This upward inclination and elevation of the parts E2 E4 E6E2 may include the Whole or greater part of the upper sides 1 or wallsof the several sections and fire-pot B', so that the upward tendency ofthe steam and hot Water may not be opposed by any' considerable area ofhorizontal surfaces in the upper sides or parts of such sections orinclosures.

Each of the large sections D2 and also the domesection D4, will beprovided with central openings D6 D7 through which the smoke, gases, andother products of the combustion pass to the smoke-flue.

The course of the products of the combustion is shown by the arrows inFig. 1, being in a zigzag form upward from the tire-pot, striking theunder side of and passing around the smaller section D,thenee inwardagainst the under side of the next section D2, and thence inward andthrough the central opening D6 in the larger section D2, thence upwardagainst the under side of the next section D3, and thence outward andaround the next section D2, and so on out through the central opening Din the dome-section, thus passing over avery large Varea of thedifferent sections in its passage from the tire-pot. to the exit-dues.The dome-section D4 and also the section D2 are each provided withdownwardly-extending hollow projections D8 D9, the projection D9 restingabove but not quite touching the ange e of the tire-pot B', while theprojection D8 reaches nearly to but does not quite touch the uppersurface of the IOO section D2, as shown, the two projections form-4 in ga water-jacket around the generator. At one side openings b 122 are leftthrough the projections D D and covered by a door b3 to form inlets tothe interior of the generator to admit brooms or brushes for removingashes, soot, tisc.,t'rom the sections. The frame Zi of the doors willpreferably be formed in one piece with the door b5, by which the fuel issupplied to the tire-pot to save expense and for the convenience of theoperator.

Across each of the sections D D2 D3, opposite to and within the jointsconnecting them, are partitions F, with their ends F2 projecting outwardtoward and nearly to the outer inclosing wall of the water-chamberswithin the walls ot' the sections, so that contracted spaces only areleft for the water to pass outside of the partitions. The adjacent.upper and lower edges of the partitions F ot' the different sectionscome flush with the outer edge of the joints by which they are unitedand are adapted to be turned off true with them, so that the partitionswill be continuous throughout the whole generator, as shown in Fig. l..

The fire-pot is supplied with tubular projections 132, corresponding inlocation with the connections between the sections D D2 D3 and leadingdownward from the joints E E2, as shown, and with the return connectionsentering them at d. These projections B2 are supplied witheross-pai'titions F3, as shown, corresponding with the partitions F, soas to he continuous downward therefrom.

By means of each of the series or sets of partitions F F2 F3 twocontinuous compartments a a2 are formed through the several sections andjoints from the fire-pot to the steam-dome or upper section. Each of theinner of these compartments a2 receives and carries upward steam orheated water from the fire-pot and from the several horizontal sections,while the return-water to supply the fire-pot and the several horizontalsections is carried back to them through the outer compartment a. In asteam-generator this return or supply current is always downward fromthe steam-dome through the coinpartments ct', each section drawing.r itsproper su pply therefrom around the ends or wings F`2 oi' the partitionsF and the fire-pot drawing its supply from the bottom, the currentpassing down outside and under the bottom of the partition F3.

Then used as a hot-water .heater the partitions F3 in the fire-pot maybe dispensed with and the partitions F in section D turned inward, as at7L', Fig. 3, so as to direct the upward flow of the water from thefirepot into the outer compartments a. -When so used, (as a liet-waterheateig) the current of the return-water supplying the several sections,entering the boiler at d', flows upward into the compartments a', whichwill be closed at the top of the upper section, as shown at 7LK2 in Fig.o.

The water then flows from the compartment a into the body of the severalsections around the ends or wings F2 of the partitions F. and fromthence it flows nup- Ward through the inner compartments er directlyinto the outflow-pipes. NVithin the waterjackets D8 D, opposite each ofthe joints between the sections, are formed inclined cross-partitions G,extending not quite to the bottom of the water-jacket to insure theeireulationof the wat-cr in the Water-j acket, as hereinafter explained.Projecting from the sections D D2 D3 Dl within the joints by which theyare connected are lugs g', through each adjacent pair of which bolts g2are passed, hy which means the several sections are united. IVhen beingput together, the lowermost section D is set in place and the bolts guniting the joints E E2 placed in position through the openings in theupper side of the section D', and then the next section placed inposition and the next set of bolts inserted, and so on throughout allthe sections. In the upper side of the deine-section D, opposite thejoints E7 ES, are formed hand-holes Il', through which the upper set ofthe bolts (/2 may be inserted and screwed up. 'lliese hand-holes willthen be either provided with covers or utilized, as shown in Fig. l, toform means for connecting the ovcrtlowpiping H2. The joints between thesections are formed as near the water-jackets DS D as convenient, andare flattened on their outer sides, as shown, so as to conform to theinner surface of the water-jacket sections and nearly meet thewater-jackets at these points, so that these portions of thewater-jackets are protected by the joints from the dii-ect influence ofthe tire, while at the same time the compartments a' in the sections DD2 D3 are likewise protected, so that the water therein is kept coolerthan in the other portions of the sections. In this connection also thepartitions Gr perform an important function, as being placed oppositethe joints between the sections they confine the water in the coolerplaces opposite the joints of the sections, and thereby form conduitsfor the unobstructed How ot' the cooler watei' downward into thewater-jackets, while the hotter water in the water-jacket sections oneach side of the partitions (which parts are exposed to tliedirectinfluence of the fire) will flow upward, thus insuring a free and rapidcirculation throughout the water-jacket sections.

As before mentioned, the joints or connections are so arranged as toprotect the compartinen ts a from the direct influence of the heat, sothat the water therein is kept from boiling and at a less temperaturethan in the other parts of the generator. Ilence the water will the morereadily flow downward in the compartments a (when used as asteamgenerator) and replace the water rising through the compartmentsa2, and thus insure the requisite circulation of the water throughontall the sections.

The ash-pit A is provided with a door K',

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adapted to rest, when closed, upon an inclined seat K2, and connected bychain or wire K3 with an automatic damper-regulator K4 of the usualconstruction. A trip-pawl K8 is arranged to support the door K in itsopen position, as shown, for the convenience of the operator in removingashes and cinders; but to insure the closing of this door if it isaccidentally left open the trip-pawl is connected by a chain or wire K5,leading over pulleys KG, and thence down to the short arm of theweighted lever K7 of the regulator K4, as shown, so that any rise of thetemperature which would elevate the diaphragm of the regulator anddepress its short arm would draw the trip-pawl upward and release thedoor K and allow it to close and thus shut off the draft. By this simplemeans, if the door is carelessly left open, as soon as the temperaturerises to an extentsufflcient to cause the Vregulator to act thetrip-catch will be automatically released and the door closed, and thusavoid any abnormal increase of temperature which might result in anexplosion.

The gradual inclining or curving upward of the upper surfaces or sidesof the horizontal heating sections or parts, as well as .the upper partof the tire-pot, and the gradual upward development of the same intoconduits or compartments for the upward flow of the steam or heatedwater facilitates and accelerates the'passage of the steam or heatedwater from the heating parts 4and its upward flow to the steam-dome or(in a hot-water generator) to the outiow-pipes, and thereby alsodiminishes the number and capacity of conduits necessary for the upwardflow of the steam and -hot water and prevents the pocketing or detentionof steam-bubbles and endangering the burning out or destruction of theparts.

The connecting together ofthe sections of the generator by means of thelugs inclosed within the water-chamber of the same and bolting themtogether within such sections is also an important feature of myinvention, as it renders it more convenient to connect the parts andfacilitates the union of such parts, as well as making the connectionmore secure. It also permits the use of short bolts for connecting theseveral parts and so avoiding the greater expansion and contractionwhich would result from the use of longer bolts or rods.

The bolts and connecting parts, as before stated, are also protectedfrom the destructhe course of the circulation, so that thesupply-currents will not oppose or conflict with the steam-bearingcurrents.

Drainage-tubes will be connected at suitable points into the lower edgesof the jacketsections.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is l. In a steamor hot-water generator, a series of hollow sections, with alternatelyannular and solid surfaces around and through which the Iiame and otherproducts ofthe combustion are adapted to pass, connections between saidsections formed to incline upward from all points of the upper surfacesor sides of said sections, and cross-partitions F within said connectionand extending into the interior of said sections by outwardly-projectingwings F2, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a steam or hot-water generator, one or more hollow sectionsalternating with one or more hollow sections of larger diameter and withcentral openings and having downward extensions forming a water-jacketencompassing said smaller sections, connections between said hollowsections in close proximity to said jacket-extensions, and partitions Fwithin said connections, and with wings F2 extending into the interiorof said sections, and with partitions G within said jacket-extensions,whereby a difference of temperature is secured within the generator tocause the requisite circulation of the water, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth. I

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand inthe presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

DANIEL A. DICKINSON.

Witnesses:V

C. N. WooDwARD, l-I. S. WEBSTER.

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